A: Antibiotics, also known as antimicrobial drugs, are drugs that fight infections caused by bacteria in both humans and animals. Antibiotics fight these infections either by killing the bacteria or making it difficult for the bacteria to grow and multiply. Antibiotics do not have any effect on viruses.
The term "antibiotic" originally referred to a natural compound that kills bacteria, such as certain types of mold or chemicals produced by living organisms. Technically, the term "antimicrobial" refers to both natural and synthetic (man-made) compounds; however, many people use the word "antibiotic" to refer to both.
http://www.homeoint.org/site/ahmad/antibiotics.htm.
A: Viral infections should not be treated with antibiotics. Common infections caused by viruses include:
-Colds
-Flu
-Most sore throats
-Most coughs and bronchitis (“chest colds”)
-Many sinus infections
-Many ear infections
http://www.cdc.gov/getsmart/community/about/antibiotic-resistance-faqs.html
A: Antibiotic resistance is the ability of bacteria to resist the effects of an antibiotic. Antibiotic resistance occurs when bacteria change in a way that reduces the effectiveness of drugs, chemicals, or other agents designed to cure or prevent infections. The bacteria survive and continue to multiply, causing more harm.
http://www.nps.org.au/medicines/infections-and-infestations/antibiotics/for-individuals/what-is-antibiotic-resistance
A: Antibiotic resistance has been called one of the world's most pressing public health problems. Antibiotic resistance can cause illnesses that were once easily treatable with antibiotics to become dangerous infections, prolonging suffering for children and adults. Antibiotic-resistant bacteria can spread to family members, schoolmates, and co-workers, and may threaten your community. Antibiotic-resistant bacteria are often more difficult to kill and more expensive to treat. In some cases, the antibiotic-resistant infections can lead to serious disability or even death.
Although some people think a person becomes resistant to specific drugs, it is the bacteria, not the person, that become resistant to the drugs.
http://www.consumerreports.org/cro/news/2015/07/what-is-antibiotic-resistance-and-why-should-i-care/index.htm
A: Antibiotic resistance occurs when bacteria change in some way that reduces or eliminates the effectiveness of drugs, chemicals, or other agents designed to cure or prevent infections. The bacteria survive and continue to multiply causing more harm. Bacteria can do this through several mechanisms. Some bacteria develop the ability to neutralize the antibiotic before it can do harm, others can rapidly pump the antibiotic out, and still others can change the antibiotic attack site so it cannot affect the function of the bacteria.
Antibiotics kill or inhibit the growth of susceptible bacteria. Sometimes one of the bacteria survives because it has the ability to neutralize or escape the effect of the antibiotic; that one bacterium can then multiply and replace all the bacteria that were killed off. Exposure to antibiotics therefore provides selective pressure, which makes the surviving bacteria more likely to be resistant. In addition, bacteria that were at one time susceptible to an antibiotic can acquire resistance through mutation of their genetic material or by acquiring pieces of DNA that code for the resistance properties from other bacteria. The DNA that codes for resistance can be grouped in a single easily transferable package. This means that bacteria can become resistant to many antimicrobial agents because of the transfer of one piece of DNA.
http://www.rxlist.com/antibiotic_resistance-page3/drugs-condition.htm
A: To date, studies have shown that there is no added health benefit for consumers (this does not include professionals in the healthcare setting) using soaps containing antibacterial ingredients compared with using plain soap. As a result, FDA released a proposed rule in December 2013 to require manufacturers to submit data supporting the efficacy and safety of antibacterial soaps and body washes. This proposed rule does not affect hand sanitizers, wipes, or antibacterial products used in healthcare settings. For more information, please see the CDC handwashing web page.
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Antimicrobial Resistance Data:
http://resistancemap.cddep.org/CountryPage.php?countryId=17&country=India
• Resistance data from 49 countries are represented.
• Twelve organisms are included - Acinetobacter baumannii, Enterobacter aerogenes/cloacae, Enterococcus faecalis/faecium, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella Typhi/Paratyphi, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae.
• AMR data are available from 1999 to 2015, depending on the country.
A: The term "susceptible" simply means that the microorganism is capable enough of being affected by the antimicrobial. For example, if we say that a type of Streptococcusbacteria is susceptible to penicillin, it means that the bacteria are killed or growth is inhibited (stopped) by the penicillin.
https://www.avma.org/KB/Resources/FAQs/Pages/Antimicrobial-Use-and-Antimicrobial-Resistance-FAQs.aspx